Re: ibid

 Ibid" is an abbreviation for the Latin term "ibidem," which means "in the same place." In a footnote, "ibid" is used to reference the same source that was cited in the immediately preceding footnote. It is a shorthand way of indicating that the citation is the same as the one immediately before it. 

By using "ibid," authors and researchers can avoid repeating the full citation when referring to the same source multiple times in succession. Instead, they can simply use "ibid" to indicate that the citation is the same as the one before it. 

Here's an example of how "ibid" can be used in a footnote: 

1. John Smith, The History of Ancient Rome (New York: ABC Publishing, 2020), 45.

2. Ibid., 48.

3. Ibid., 51. 

In this example, footnote 2 uses "ibid." to indicate that the source being cited is the same as the one cited in the immediately preceding footnote (footnote 1). Similarly, footnote 3 also uses "ibid." to indicate that the source is the same as the one cited in footnote 2. 

Using "ibid" can help maintain concise and clear footnotes, especially when citing the same source multiple times in a row. It saves space and eliminates redundancy while still providing the necessary information for readers to locate the original source. 

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